ТЕМА: Memorandum of Understanding with the Republic of Bulgaria Enacted, Coins Included in the Protective

Memorandum of Understanding with the Republic of Bulgaria Enacted, Coins Included in the Protective Measures
Bulgarian news agencies are reporting that the United States and the Republic of Bulgaria signed a Memorandum of Understanding to prevent the trafficking of looted and stolen cultural items.

Bulgaria and the US signed on January 14 a memorandum of understanding on the protection of cultural heritage, meant to prevent the illicit trade of Bulgarian cultural heritage items and allow the return to Bulgaria of such items smuggled into the US.

The agreement was signed by US ambassador to Bulgaria Marcie B. Ries and Bulgaria’s Culture Minister Petar Stoyanovich at the National History Museum in Boyana.

The agreement authorises the US department of homeland security to prevent the import into the United States of Bulgarian cultural heritage items without a licence issued by the Bulgarian government and commits the US government to publish a list of prohibited items, which are to be seized unless the importer presents such a license.

The import restrictions will apply to a broad range of archaeological and religious items, as set forth in a designated list, to be published in the US Federal Register in the coming days, Ries said.

In addition to the import restrictions, the memorandum promotes further cooperation and information sharing between US and Bulgarian law-enforcement agencies.

“Of course this agreement will not eliminate the problem overnight. We recognise that and we also recognise that we must continue to work creatively together to preserve what we all recognise to be an invaluable cultural heritage. This agreement is of importance for its substance but also because it means more cooperation on a daily basis in the area of culture which is of importance to both Bulgarians and Americans,” Ries said.

(From: "US, Bulgaria Sign Cultural Heritage Protection Memorandum," The Sofia Globe, January 14, 2014)

Archaeologists, art historians, and academic numismatists had endorsed the MoU at the hearing of the Cultural Property Advisory Committee on 16 November 2011 (see here for a summary of comments). Commercial lobby groups in the United States and abroad have fought vigorously against the inclusion of ancient in Memoranda of Understanding. It is, therefore, notable that that primarily circulated in and are found in ancient Bulgaria are subject to protection.


7. Coins – In copper, bronze, silver and gold. Many of the listed with inscriptions in Greek can be found in B. Head, Historia Numorum: A Manual of Greek Numismatics (London, 1911) and C.M. Kraay, Archaic and Classical Greek Coins (London, 1976). Many of the Roman provincial mints in modern Bulgaria are covered in I. Varbanov, Greek Imperial Coins I: Dacia, Moesia Superior, Moesia Inferior (Bourgas, 2005), id., Greek Imperial Coins II: Thrace (from Abderato Pautalia) (Bourgas, 2005), id., Greek Imperial Coins III: Thrace (from Perinthus to Trajanopolis), Chersonesos Thraciae, Insula Thraciae, Macedonia (Bourgas 2007). A non-exclusive list of pre-Roman and Roman mints include Mesembria (modern Nesembar), Dionysopolis (Balchik), Marcianopolis (Devnya), Nicopolis ad Istrum (near Veliko Tarnovo), Odessus (Varna), Anchialus (Pomorie), Apollonia Pontica (Sozopol), Cabyle (Kabile), Deultum (Debelt), Nicopolis ad Nestum (Garmen), Pautalia (Kyustendil), Philippopolis (Plovdiv), Serdica (Sofia), and Augusta Traiana (Stara Zagora). Later may be found in A. Radushev and G. Zhekov, Catalogue of Bulgarian MedievalCoins IX-XV c. (Sofia 1999) and J.
Youroukova and V. Penchev, Bulgarian Medieval Coins and Seals (Sofia 1990).
a. Pre-monetary media of exchange including “arrow money,” bells, and bracelets. Approximate date: 13th century B.C. through 6th century B.C.
b. Thracian and Hellenistic struck in gold, silver, and bronze by city-states and kingdoms that operated in the territory of the modern Bulgarian state. This designation includes official coinages of Greek-using city-states and kingdoms, Sycthian and Celtic coinage, and local imitations of official issues. Also included are Greek from nearby regions that are found in Bulgaria. Approximate date: 6th century BC through the 1st century B.C.
c. Roman provincial – Locally produced usually struck in bronze or copper at mints in the territory of the modern state of Bulgaria. May also be silver, silver plate, or gold. Approximate date: 1st century BC through the 4th century A.D.
d. Coinage of the First and Second Bulgarian Empires and Byzantine Empire – Struck in gold, silver, and bronze by Bulgarian and Byzantine emperors at mints within the modern state of Bulgaria. Approximate date: 4th century A.D. through A.D. 1396.
e. Ottoman – Struck at mints within the modern state of Bulgaria. Approximate date: A.D. 1396 through A.D. 1750.

Memorandum

Незнам само ако гърците решат да подпишат същия меморандум със САЩ какъв голям Мес би настанал. Щото те понятията местно произведени монети и монети, които се разпространяват предимно в и са намерени в древна България са доста относителни. Но има и може би полза за България от този меморандум на ъндърстендинга както се казва. като сега най-вероятно културното министерство ще се възползва от възможността за сътрудничество за да издири къде се намират оригиналите на панагюрското съкровище и още много други подменени като него из музеите и ще ги върнат пак в български ръце а виновните за тези престъпления ще бъдат сурово наказани.


I don't know if the Greeks decide to sign the same memorandum with U.S. what a mess it will cause. Because definitions like Locally produced and that primarily circulated in and are found in ancient Bulgaria are quite relative. But there might be beneficial for Bulgaria of this Memorandum of Understanding and now probably cultural ministry will take the opportunity of cooperation to track down where is the original of Panaguyrian and many other which were replaced with false and will return them again in Bulgarian hands and those responsible for these crimes will be severely punished .

Нешо това е тъжен момент за българската нумизматика.
Както се изрази Владимир Беков "Подобни споразумения обричат монетите от България да продължават да нямат контекст и да се продават с измислени истории за произход"
Е маината им.Ето последната монета която си купих официално преди глупавият меморандом да влезе в сила.